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台南二胎房貸條件與流程小知識,申辦房屋二胎貸款必讀!(含銀行二胎房貸比較表) Home 貸款 台南二胎房貸條件與流程小知識,申辦房屋二胎貸款必讀!(含銀行二胎房貸比較表)
來電諮詢時常有客戶詢問,二胎房貸利率高嗎?申請二胎房貸流程有哪些?如果條件不好,也可以辦理嗎? …叭啦叭啦的問題。了解自己即將辦理的二胎房貸,絕對是有益無害,二胎房貸流程,你更是應該清楚了解,才不會傻傻被騙。
以下內容就讓 有朝代書 為你解說二胎房貸的相關知識,也提供各家銀行二胎房貸的比較表,讓你無論是在臺北、臺中、臺南、高雄…申辦二胎房貸都能得心應手!
有房子的民眾,若有貸款需求,通常會以名下房屋做為借錢的工具,像是房貸、增貸、轉貸及二胎等。不過,這些以房屋借錢的方式,能借到的資金及利率各不相同,其中有什麼分別?
台南二胎貸款,除了台南的房地要鑑價之外,也會審核借款人信用條件及還款能力。而民間二胎的核貸依據,則幾乎完全根據抵押品的鑑價。這篇文章要幫助您知道,什麼是台南房屋二胎貸款,有什麼優點,以及如何申辦。
如果您的名下在台南有任何不動產,不論是房屋、土地、建地、農地、山坡地,或是僅僅是持份,都可以透過台南房屋二胎貸款,在最短的時間內,用合理的利率,取得資金,應付您的緊急需要。
如果您名下有土地房屋,雖然還有房貸設定抵押給銀行,但是如果碰到生意需要周轉資金、債務償還,或是各種緊急的資金需要,這時,台南民間二胎貸款,就是可以解決您資金需求的一個合法、便利、迅速的貸款管道。
❢ 二胎房貸是什麼?
所謂「二胎房貸(或稱二順位房貸 )」,就是名下的不動產,已經設定第1順位的抵押貸款,也就是在購屋時申辦的房屋貸款,而且尚未還清,但因為又有資金周轉需求,就以這個不動產再向銀行申辦「二胎房貸」,設定為第2順位抵押,並且由銀行核定放貸額度。意思就是把已經跟銀行辦過房屋貸款的房子,再拿出來設定抵押,轉向其他銀行、融資公司或民間私人借錢,先設定的是第一順位抵押權,也就是一胎房貸,後來設定的就是第二順位抵押權(或稱次順位抵押權 ),俗稱二胎房貸。
❢ 什麼人需要申請二胎房貸?
哪些人適合辦理「二胎房貸」﹖銀行業者認為,有確定的資金用途,而且希望能按月分期攤還的民眾,最適合使用這樣的商品,尤其如小本經營的商店老闆、計程車司機、家庭主婦、網路拍賣的小電商…等。無法提出「薪資證明」的族群,如果名下有不動產,就可以使用「二胎房貸」做為資金調度的工具。
一、短期急需大筆資金
二胎房貸申辦時間,銀行大約2週,融資公司大約7個工作天,民間私人代書最快有3-5天內撥款,相較於一般銀行貸款程序,資金取得較為快速。另外,貸款額度最高300萬,只要房屋鑑定出來有殘值,就可以貸到想要的金額,不受負債比DBR22倍的限制。
金融小常識:何謂 DBR22?
所謂DBR22是指,金融機構對於債務人,在全體金融機構之無擔保債務(包括信用卡、現金卡及信用貸款等)歸戶後之總餘額,除以平均月收入,不宜超過22倍,簡稱DBR22倍。
二、信貸及卡債利率過高,想把債務整合優化
一般信用貸款,最令債務人吃不消的是,利率高、期數短,導致月付金居高不下。
您或許會說,有的信貸利率只有2%多,跟房貸差不多,但是這僅限於工作條件佳、收入高的族群,例如三師(醫師、律師、會計師),軍公教人員或是百大企業員工等,才有這般優惠,一般販夫走卒或受薪階級,利率大約6-8%左右,條件差一點的就要10%以上,至於信用卡就更不用說了,信用卡循環利率最高15%。
目前市面上,銀行二胎房貸利率大約是4%至15%之間,期數最長為10年,少數銀行有做到15年,如此看來,二胎房屋貸款的方案就親民多了,對於被信貸及信用卡循環利息,壓得喘不過氣來的人而言,二胎房貸可以把所有卡債及信貸整合起來,將不好的債務優化,降低月付金,紓解還款壓力。
三、收入浮動,工作自由,無固定薪資證明
近來銀行推出的二胎房貸商品(官網通常稱為二順位房貸、或次順位房貸),就借款人的工作收入要求不高,大多不限軍公教或百大企業,有的融資公司甚至主打,無薪資證明者,可以用其他財力證明代替,條件相當寬鬆。
這對目前新型態的職業,如Youtuber、部落客、直播主、網拍,網路代購等,以及傳統路邊攤、小吃店,計程車司機、股票投資客等,無固定收入的族群而言,透過申辦二胎房貸,資金取得容易多了。
四、原一胎房貸銀行不願意增貸
想用房屋再貸款,一般人都會覺得,找原來房貸的銀行增貸最快,但是,若原房貸銀行有顧慮,不願意再借款時,該怎麼辦?沒關係,不用太堅持,也不須要有忠誠度,全台灣光是本國銀行及郵局一共有37家,外商銀行9家,信合社及農漁會共334家,外加保險公司、上市融資公司等等,完全是買方市場,此處不留人,自有留人處,重點是如何找到適合且願意承貸的單位。
❢ 二胎房貸申請流程怎麼走?
申請房屋二胎流程有:
申請: 準備好文件後填寫申請書,提出申請。
估價: 由銀行或其他貸款單位,就房屋現況鑑估價值。
審核: 核定房屋二胎貸款額度,期數,利率,月付金等。
對保: 貸款核准後簽約對保。
設定: 至地政機關設定二順位抵押權與銀行或其他貸款單位。
撥款: 二順位抵押權設定完成後,將款項撥入申請人帳戶內。
至於「二胎房貸」要怎麼申辦比較有利﹖首先,原有的房貸必須是繳款繳息正常、貸款人沒有不良信用紀錄,這樣銀行才會願意承貸;其次,向原本辦理第1順位房貸的銀行申辦「二胎房貸」,由於銀行更能掌握擔保品的狀況,可獲得較低的利率;第三,如果本身又屬於銀行定義的「優質客戶」、擔保品位於精華地段,部分銀行透露,最優惠的年息達5%至6%低利也有機會。
不過,如果是第1順位設定於他行的所謂「一般客戶」,目前申貸「二胎房貸」的利率水準,大多數會在10%至14%之間,其中的差異,就是看擔保品坐落的區位而定。
❢ 各家銀行二胎房貸比較
以下就目前各家銀行二胎房貸利率與條件整理成一個比較表,若想要了解更詳細內容,建議詳閱各銀行官方網站:
項目
日盛
玉山
遠東
永豐
凱基
台新
兆豐
對象
20-65歲之本國國民
20歲以上之本國國民
20-65歲之本國國民
20-65歲之本國國民
20-60歲之本國國民
25-60歲之本國國民
25-60歲之本國國民
額度
最高300萬
50萬元以上,依據顧客個別財資力及信用狀況而定。
25萬以上,最高300萬
50萬
最高300萬
最高300萬
最高200萬
年利率
3.58%~12.99%
年利率 3.8%~9.88%
3%起(浮動利率)
3.5%~5%(浮動)
本利攤還型:依本行指數利率+(2.08%~4.08%)起,機動計息
額度型:貸款期間一年一約,一年到期視信用狀況自動續約
3.5%~18%(7%以下按I+2.43%~5.93%機動計息或高於7%者得為固定計息)
2.75%起
開辦費
8000~15000元
貸款金額的1% 起
5000元
5000~12000元
10000元
3000~12000元
貸款額度1.5/1000%,不低於3000
還款期限
最長10年
最長可達 15 年
最長7年
最長7年
本利攤還型:最長10年
額度型:一年一約,一年到期視信用狀況自動續約
最長10年
2-10年,期限加借款人年紀不超過70歲
限制
原房屋貸款須繳滿一年
房屋自住,且已持有滿一年並於其他金融機構有半年以上房貸
近半年房屋貸款繳息紀錄
提供擔保之相關資料
銀行往來信用正常者
房子持有2年以上且房貸已繳交一年以上,近一年無設定紀錄
既有房貸戶(超過三個月以上)
*圖表僅供參考,依據每間銀行實際情況不同*
❢ 房屋二胎房貸多久撥款?還款時間怎麼算?
基本上二胎房貸的申辦,3至5個工作天即可完成,接著就會撥款下來。貸款期數最長可至10年,降低負債壓力,相對來說也是能讓債務人在生活層面能放鬆一些,舒坦心情別被債務壓著跑,別再過著高壓人生。
❢ 二胎辦不過,可以辦三胎嗎?
房屋已申請民間二胎房貸時,建議不要考慮三胎房貸,因為合法安全的民間貸款業者,是不願意承做的,原因有三點:
三胎房貸將設定第三順位抵押權,一旦債務人無法還款,房子會被處分或法拍,求償順位排在第三位的業者,可能拿不到半毛錢。
三胎顯示呆帳風險太高,民間業者承作二胎房貸,原本就有放款風險,更別說是三胎。
願意承作的業者,房貸利率通常高的嚇人,有些甚至是高利貸,借款人要多加留意,不要陷入詐騙陷阱。
❢ 為降房貸利率轉貸划算嗎? 專家:還需細算「這些成本」
有些民眾在房貸合約期滿時,會選擇以「轉貸」方式,以為可以向其他間銀行爭取到各好的利率條件。但提醒您,轉貸利率原則上與市場房貸利率一樣,甚至可能較原銀行更低,但最終利率條件,銀行還是會依照抵押的房屋殘值、申貸人的財力與信用等綜合因素而定。
而且,轉貸時需負擔不少費用,需要計算後才知道划不划算,因此屋主需審慎評估,例如產生轉貸代償費、登記規費、代書費、塗銷費等。
在上述費用以外,若原房貸合約尚未到期,在轉貸前需支付房貸金額1%左右的違約金給原銀行,且目前市場上多數銀行也都跟進降息,民眾衝動轉貸前須多評估。
但若有資金需求,屋主可先向原貸款銀行協商,或許能爭取到額外優惠,轉貸前也可請銀行協助試算相關費用,並且貨比三家。
❢ 房屋二胎貸款公司推薦
申請民間二胎房屋借款,有許多方法和選擇,但借貸管道是否安全,利率是否合理,都是民眾評估的重點。
有朝代書 提供低利民間二胎房屋借款,依照借款人不同條件,年利率在7%-14%之間,很接近銀行信貸利率,也比民間貸款利息便宜很多,而且是上市公司融資貸款,絕對屬於合法借貸管道,民眾不用擔心。
重新鑑價 取得較低利率,銀行「二胎房貸」的小提醒:
雖然部分強打「二胎房貸」的銀行,大多數強調「不必重新鑑價」,但如果貸款人原本的房屋貸款,本金已經還了一大部份,這時又有資金周轉需求,其實不必藉助「二胎房貸」,只要向銀行申請重新鑑價,就可適用一般指數型房貸的較低利率,再把已償還的房貸金額貸出來使用。
如果在申辦一般房貸的同時,也申請「理財型房貸」(或稱為「回復型」、「循環型」房貸),就具有這樣的彈性動用功能,可以把已經償還的本金,做為臨時動用的調度額度,不必申辦「二胎房貸」,更能降低周轉資金的利息負擔。
台南二胎貸款,除了房地鑑價之外,也會審核借款人信用條件及還款能力。而民間房屋二胎的核貸依據,則幾乎完全根據抵押品的鑑價。這篇文章要幫助您知道,什麼是台南房屋二胎貸款,有什麼優點,以及如何申辦。如果您的名下在台南有任何不動產,不論是房屋、土地、建地、農地、山坡地,或是僅僅是持份,都可以透過台南民間二胎貸款,在最短的時間內,用合理的利率,取得資金,應付您的緊急需要。
如果您名下有台南土地房屋,雖然還有房貸設定抵押給銀行,但是如果碰到投資機會、生意需要周轉資金、債務償還,或是各種緊急的資金需要,這時,台南民間房屋二胎貸款,就是可以解決您資金需求的一個合法、便利、迅速的貸款管道。
讀完這篇文章,會幫助您清楚的了解,台南民間二胎貸款與銀行二胎貸款的不同,以及辦理二胎貸款的優點,並且會幫助您分辨什麼是合法業者,保障您的權益。
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Money Laundering
What is Money Laundering?
Money laundering is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by a criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. The money from the criminal activity is considered dirty, and the process "launders" it to make it look clean.
Money laundering is a serious financial crime that is employed by white collar and street-level criminals alike.1? Most financial companies have anti-money-laundering (AML) policies in place to detect and prevent this activity.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Money laundering is the illegal process of making "dirty" money appear legitimate instead of ill-gotten.
Criminals use a wide variety of money laundering techniques to make illegally obtained funds appear clean.
Online banking and cryptocurrencies have made it easier for criminals to transfer and withdraw money without detection.
The prevention of money laundering has become an international effort and now includes terrorist funding among its targets.
How Money Laundering Works
Money laundering is essential for criminal organizations that wish to use illegally obtained money effectively. Dealing in large amounts of illegal cash is inefficient and dangerous. Criminals need a way to deposit the money in legitimate financial institutions, yet they can only do so if it appears to come from legitimate sources.
Banks are required to report large cash transactions and other suspicious activities that might be signs of money laundering.
The process of laundering money typically involves three steps: placement, layering, and integration.
Placement puts the "dirty money" into the legitimate financial system.
Layering conceals the source of the money through a series of transactions and bookkeeping tricks.
In the final step, integration, the now-laundered money is withdrawn from the legitimate account to be used for whatever purposes the criminals have in mind for it.
There are many ways to launder money, from the simple to the very complex. One of the most common techniques is to use a legitimate, cash-based business owned by a criminal organization. For example, if the organization owns a restaurant, it might inflate the daily cash receipts to funnel illegal cash through the restaurant and into the restaurant's bank account. After that, the funds can be withdrawn as needed. These types of businesses are often referred to as "fronts."
Money Laundering Variants
In one common form of money laundering, called smurfing (also known as "structuring"), the criminal breaks up large chunks of cash into multiple small deposits, often spreading them over many different accounts, to avoid detection. Money laundering can also be accomplished through the use of currency exchanges, wire transfers, and "mules"—cash smugglers, who sneak large amounts of cash across borders and deposit them in foreign accounts, where money-laundering enforcement is less strict.
Other money-laundering methods involve investing in commodities such as gems and gold that can easily be moved to other jurisdictions, discreetly investing in and selling valuable assets such as real estate, gambling, counterfeiting; and using shell companies (inactive companies or corporations that essentially exist on paper only).
Electronic Money Laundering
The Internet has put a new spin on the old crime. The rise of online banking institutions, anonymous online payment services and peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers with mobile phones have made detecting the illegal transfer of money even more difficult. Moreover, the use of proxy servers and anonymizing software makes the third component of money laundering, integration, almost impossible to detect—money can be transferred or withdrawn leaving little or no trace of an IP address.
Money can also be laundered through online auctions and sales, gambling websites, and virtual gaming sites, where ill-gotten money is converted into gaming currency, then back into real, usable, and untraceable "clean" money.
The newest frontier of money laundering involves cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. While not totally anonymous, they are increasingly being used in blackmail schemes, the drug trade, and other criminal activities due to their relative anonymity compared with more conventional forms of currency.
Anti-money-laundering laws (AML) have been slow to catch up to these types of cybercrimes, since most of the laws are still based on detecting dirty money as it passes through traditional banking institutions.
Preventing Money Laundering
Governments around the world have stepped up their efforts to combat money laundering in recent decades, with regulations that require financial institutions to put systems in place to detect and report suspicious activity. The amount of money involved is substantial. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, global money laundering transactions account for roughly $800 billion to $2 trillion annually, or some 2% to 5% of global GDP.
In 1989, the Group of Seven (G-7) formed an international committee called the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in an attempt to fight money laundering on an international scale. In the early 2000s, its purview was expanded to combating the financing of terrorism.
The United States passed the Banking Secrecy Act in 1970, requiring financial institutions to report certain transactions to the Department of the Treasury, such as cash transactions above $10,000 or any others they deem suspicious, on a suspicious activity report (SAR).3? The information the banks provide to the Treasury Department is used by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), which can share it with domestic criminal investigators, international bodies or foreign financial intelligence units.
While these laws were helpful in tracking criminal activity, money laundering itself wasn't made illegal in the United States until 1986, with the passage of the Money Laundering Control Act. Shortly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the USA Patriot Act expanded money-laundering efforts by allowing investigative tools designed for organized crime and drug trafficking prevention to be used in terrorist investigations.
The Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) offers a professional designation known as a Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (CAMS). Individuals who earn CAMS certification may work as brokerage compliance managers, Bank Secrecy Act officers, financial intelligence unit managers, surveillance analysts and financial crimes investigative analysts.
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What is Money Laundering?
The goal of a large number of criminal acts is to generate a profit for the individual or group that carries out the act. Money laundering is the processing of these criminal proceeds to disguise their illegal origin. This process is of critical importance, as it enables the criminal to enjoy these profits without jeopardising their source.
Illegal arms sales, smuggling, and the activities of organised crime, including for example drug trafficking and prostitution rings, can generate huge amounts of proceeds. Embezzlement, insider trading, bribery and computer fraud schemes can also produce large profits and create the incentive to “legitimise” the ill-gotten gains through money laundering.
When a criminal activity generates substantial profits, the individual or group involved must find a way to control the funds without attracting attention to the underlying activity or the persons involved. Criminals do this by disguising the sources, changing the form, or moving the funds to a place where they are less likely to attract attention.
In response to mounting concern over money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering (FATF) was established by the G-7 Summit in Paris in 1989 to develop a co-ordinated international response. One of the first tasks of the FATF was to develop Recommendations, 40 in all, which set out the measures national governments should take to implement effective anti-money laundering programmes.
How much money is laundered per year?
By its very nature, money laundering is an illegal activity carried out by criminals which occurs outside of the normal range of economic and financial statistics. Along with some other aspects of underground economic activity, rough estimates have been put forward to give some sense of the scale of the problem.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) conducted a study to determine the magnitude of illicit funds generated by drug trafficking and organised crimes and to investigate to what extent these funds are laundered. The report estimates that in 2009, criminal proceeds amounted to 3.6% of global GDP, with 2.7% (or USD 1.6 trillion) being laundered.
This falls within the widely quoted estimate by the International Monetary Fund, who stated in 1998 that the aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five percent of the world’s gross domestic product. Using 1998 statistics, these percentages would indicate that money laundering ranged between USD 590 billion and USD 1.5 trillion. At the time, the lower figure was roughly equivalent to the value of the total output of an economy the size of Spain.
However, the above estimates should be treated with caution. They are intended to give an estimate of the magnitude of money laundering. Due to the illegal nature of the transactions, precise statistics are not available and it is therefore impossible to produce a definitive estimate of the amount of money that is globally laundered every year. The FATF therefore does not publish any figures in this regard.
How is money laundered?
In the initial - or placement - stage of money laundering, the launderer introduces his illegal profits into the financial system. This might be done by breaking up large amounts of cash into less conspicuous smaller sums that are then deposited directly into a bank account, or by purchasing a series of monetary instruments (cheques, money orders, etc.) that are then collected and deposited into accounts at another location.
After the funds have entered the financial system, the second – or layering – stage takes place. In this phase, the launderer engages in a series of conversions or movements of the funds to distance them from their source. The funds might be channelled through the purchase and sales of investment instruments, or the launderer might simply wire the funds through a series of accounts at various banks across the globe. This use of widely scattered accounts for laundering is especially prevalent in those jurisdictions that do not co-operate in anti-money laundering investigations. In some instances, the launderer might disguise the transfers as payments for goods or services, thus giving them a legitimate appearance.
Having successfully processed his criminal profits through the first two phases the launderer then moves them to the third stage – integration – in which the funds re-enter the legitimate economy. The launderer might choose to invest the funds into real estate, luxury assets, or business ventures.
Where does money laundering occur?
As money laundering is a consequence of almost all profit generating crime, it can occur practically anywhere in the world. Generally, money launderers tend to seek out countries or sectors in which there is a low risk of detection due to weak or ineffective anti-money laundering programmes. Because the objective of money laundering is to get the illegal funds back to the individual who generated them, launderers usually prefer to move funds through stable financial systems.
Money laundering activity may also be concentrated geographically according to the stage the laundered funds have reached. At the placement stage, for example, the funds are usually processed relatively close to the under-lying activity; often, but not in every case, in the country where the funds originate.
With the layering phase, the launderer might choose an offshore financial centre, a large regional business centre, or a world banking centre – any location that provides an adequate financial or business infrastructure. At this stage, the laundered funds may also only transit bank accounts at various locations where this can be done without leaving traces of their source or ultimate destination.
Finally, at the integration phase, launderers might choose to invest laundered funds in still other locations if they were generated in unstable economies or locations offering limited investment opportunities.
How does money laundering affect business?
The integrity of the banking and financial services marketplace depends heavily on the perception that it functions within a framework of high legal, professional and ethical standards. A reputation for integrity is the one of the most valuable assets of a financial institution.
If funds from criminal activity can be easily processed through a particular institution – either because its employees or directors have been bribed or because the institution turns a blind eye to the criminal nature of such funds – the institution could be drawn into active complicity with criminals and become part of the criminal network itself. Evidence of such complicity will have a damaging effect on the attitudes of other financial intermediaries and of regulatory authorities, as well as ordinary customers.
As for the potential negative macroeconomic consequences of unchecked money laundering, one can cite inexplicable changes in money demand, prudential risks to bank soundness, contamination effects on legal financial transactions, and increased volatility of international capital flows and exchange rates due to unanticipated cross-border asset transfers. Also, as it rewards corruption and crime, successful money laudering damages the integrity of the entire society and undermines democracy and the rule of the law.
What influence does money laundering have on economic development?
Launderers are continuously looking for new routes for laundering their funds. Economies with growing or developing financial centres, but inadequate controls are particularly vulnerable as established financial centre countries implement comprehensive anti-money laundering regimes.
Differences between national anti-money laundering systems will be exploited by launderers, who tend to move their networks to countries and financial systems with weak or ineffective countermeasures.
Some might argue that developing economies cannot afford to be too selective about the sources of capital they attract. But postponing action is dangerous. The more it is deferred, the more entrenched organised crime can become.
As with the damaged integrity of an individual financial institution, there is a damping effect on foreign direct investment when a country’s commercial and financial sectors are perceived to be subject to the control and influence of organised crime. Fighting money laundering and terrorist financing is therefore a part of creating a business friendly environment which is a precondition for lasting economic development.
What is the connection with society at large?
The possible social and political costs of money laundering, if left unchecked or dealt with ineffectively, are serious. Organised crime can infiltrate financial institutions, acquire control of large sectors of the economy through investment, or offer bribes to public officials and indeed governments.
The economic and political influence of criminal organisations can weaken the social fabric, collective ethical standards, and ultimately the democratic institutions of society. In countries transitioning to democratic systems, this criminal influence can undermine the transition. Most fundamentally, money laundering is inextricably linked to the underlying criminal activity that generated it. Laundering enables criminal activity to continue.
How does fighting money laundering help fight crime?
Money laundering is a threat to the good functioning of a financial system; however, it can also be the Achilles heel of criminal activity.
In law enforcement investigations into organised criminal activity, it is often the connections made through financial transaction records that allow hidden assets to be located and that establish the identity of the criminals and the criminal organisation responsible.
When criminal funds are derived from robbery, extortion, embezzlement or fraud, a money laundering investigation is frequently the only way to locate the stolen funds and restore them to the victims.
Most importantly, however, targeting the money laundering aspect of criminal activity and depriving the criminal of his ill-gotten gains means hitting him where he is vulnerable. Without a usable profit, the criminal activity will not continue.
What should individual governments be doing about it?
A great deal can be done to fight money laundering, and, indeed, many governments have already established comprehensive anti-money laundering regimes. These regimes aim to increase awareness of the phenomenon – both within the government and the private business sector – and then to provide the necessary legal or regulatory tools to the authorities charged with combating the problem.
Some of these tools include making the act of money laundering a crime; giving investigative agencies the authority to trace, seize and ultimately confiscate criminally derived assets; and building the necessary framework for permitting the agencies involved to exchange information among themselves and with counterparts in other countries.
It is critically important that governments include all relevant voices in developing a national anti-money laundering programme. They should, for example, bring law enforcement and financial regulatory authorities together with the private sector to enable financial institutions to play a role in dealing with the problem. This means, among other things, involving the relevant authorities in establishing financial transaction reporting systems, customer identification, record keeping standards and a means for verifying compliance.
Should governments with measures in place still be concerned?
Money launderers have shown themselves through time to be extremely imaginative in creating new schemes to circumvent a particular government’s countermeasures. A national system must be flexible enough to be able to detect and respond to new money laundering schemes.
Anti-money laundering measures often force launderers to move to parts of the economy with weak or ineffective measures to deal with the problem. Again, a national system must be flexible enough to be able to extend countermeasures to new areas of its own economy. Finally, national governments need to work with other jurisdictions to ensure that launderers are not able to continue to operate merely by moving to another location in which money laundering is tolerated.
What about multilateral initiatives?
Large-scale money laundering schemes invariably contain cross-border elements. Since money laundering is an international problem, international co-operation is a critical necessity in the fight against it. A number of initiatives have been established for dealing with the problem at the international level.
International organisations, such as the United Nations or the Bank for International Settlements, took some initial steps at the end of the 1980s to address the problem. Following the creation of the FATF in 1989, regional groupings – the European Union, Council of Europe, Organisation of American States, to name just a few – established anti-money laundering standards for their member countries. The Caribbean, Asia, Europe and southern Africa have created regional anti-money laundering task force-like organisations, and similar groupings are planned for western Africa and Latin America in the coming years.
Who can I contact if I suspect a case of money laundering?
The FATF is a policy-making body and has no investigative authority. In respect to investigating a company and persons involved in money laundering, individuals need to contact their local investigative authorities.
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